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本題由lindy提供

More selective than most chemical pesticides in that they ordinarily destroy only unwanted species, biocontrol agents (such as insects, fungi,

and viruses) eat, infect, or parasitize targeted plant or animal pests. However, biocontrol agents can negatively affect nontarget species by, for example, competing with them for resources: a biocontrol agent might reduce the benefits conferred by a desirable animal species by consuming a plant on which the animal prefers to lay its eggs.

Another example of indirect negative consequences occurred in England when a virus introduced to control rabbits reduced the amount of open ground (because large rabbit populations reduce the ground cover), in turn reducing underground ant nests and triggering the extinction of a blue butterfly that had depended on the nests to shelter its offspring. The paucity of known extinctions or disruptions resulting from indirect interactions may reflect not the infrequency of such mishaps but rather the failure to look for or to detect them: most organisms likely to be adversely affected by indirect interactions are of little or no known commercial value and the events linking a biocontrol agent with an adverse effect are often unclear. Moreover, determining the potential risks of biocontrol agents before they are used is difficult, especially when a nonnative agent is introduced, because, unlike a chemical pesticide, a biocontrol agent may adapt in unpredictable ways so that it can feed on or otherwise harm new hosts.

The passage suggests which of the following about the blue

butterfly mentioned in the highlighted text?


    (A) The blue butterfly's survival was indirectly dependent on sustaining a rabbit population of a particular size.

    (B) The blue butterfly's survival was indirectly dependent on sustaining large amounts of vegetation in its habitat

    (C) The blue butterfly's survival was threatened when the ants began preying on its offspring.

    (D) The blue butterfly was infected by the virus that had been intended to control rabbit populations.

    (E) The blue butterfly was adversely affected by a biocontrol agent that competed with it for resources. 


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答案:
A
(A)Correct. 藍
色蝴蝶的生存依賴于兔子的數(shù)量維持在一定的水平。原文說藍蝶依靠螞蟻的巢穴生存(保護后代):一定數(shù)量的兔子=一定數(shù)量的螞蟻巢穴(不會“reducing螞蟻的巢穴”),所以這個選項是正確的。 (B)藍色蝴蝶的生存依賴于在其棲息地維持大量的植被。文中明確說明了藍蝶的考兔子造的巢穴生存的。如果沒有了兔子,植被再多也沒法造巢穴。 (C)藍蝶的生存在螞蟻開始捕食藍蝶的后代時受到了威脅。文中沒有提到螞蟻和藍蝶的關(guān)系。 (D)藍蝶感染了用來控制兔子數(shù)量的病毒。文中沒有提到藍蝶感染病毒。 (E)藍蝶被生物控制說反作用的原因是這些生物占有了藍蝶的資源。文中定位部分說的很清楚,藍蝶是因為沒有了兔子,才沒有了哺育后代的地方。和生物是否與它們搶奪資源無關(guān)。

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